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Religion & Spirituality

Tithes and Charging Ports: Pentecostalism, Precarity, Digital Frontiers, and Structural Resistance in Nigeria

Prof. Ndidi Justice Gbule — University of Port Harcourt

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Abstract

Where access to public infrastructure is uneven or unreliable, religious institutions may become part of the arrangements through which everyday participation is sustained. In Nigeria, Pentecostal churches increasingly connect worship with welfare, education, communication, digital technologies and financial participation, making them important sites for examining this relationship. This article examines Omega Power Ministries (OPM), Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries (MFM), and Salvation Ministries to explore how Pentecostal institutions mediate access and participation amid infrastructural precarity. It adopts a qualitative multiple-case design based on 18 publicly accessible materials, six from each organisation, analysed through documentary analysis and thematic coding of infrastructural access, institutional care, digital participation, religious giving and reciprocity. The analysis draws on Infrastructural Religion, Structural Resistance and Refracted Religion, with Charging Ports serving as the central analytical metaphor. The findings indicate that the organisations examined publicly connect institutional care, education, communication, digital participation and giving within broader arrangements of religious belonging. Giving operates through relationships of responsibility, obligation and reciprocity, while digital participation remains dependent upon electricity, connectivity, devices and financial technologies. Pentecostal intervention can therefore create practical avenues of access and connection without necessarily transforming the wider structures that produce infrastructural precarity. The article argues that Pentecostal public life in contemporary Nigeria is materially organised through infrastructures that simultaneously enable participation, deepen institutional relationships and expose continuing inequalities in access. The same infrastructures that sustain religious connection thus reveal the conditions that make such connection necessary.

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